Sindarin -> Classes -> Class 13 - Verb I-stem Part 2 |
Class 13 - Verb I-stem Part 2
The active participle would probably take the ending -el This part is rather hypotycal, there is not enough exemple to be 100% sure that this is exactly how it will react. dar- (halt)---- > darel (halting) When the stem vowel is i, the ending will seems to expand to -iel (There is probability that this will occurs only if the ending follow the consonants n, l, and r, and that the extra i materializing came form a older stage of the language): fir- (die, fade)--- > firiel (dying, fading) (we have to be careful since the lengthened vowel will change the tense like in : tiriel "watching" from tíriel "having watched". palan-diriel means "gazing far away", palan-díriel has a perfective meaning: "having gazed far away".) ***This lengthening of vowels had probably occurred really early in the sindarin language that the subsequent changes affecting long vowels must also be taken into consideration. Earlier é, á, ó would be expected to manifest as í, ó, ú, : mad- (eat)---- > módiel 'for mádiel' (having eaten) ***It seems that neither of the active participles so derived (in -el and -iel) have distinct plural forms. The passive participle (or past participle) will be constructed by adding -en to the 3rd person singular past tense form (see rules above): dar- (stop)---- > 3 pers. sg. pa.t. darn 'he, she, it' (stopped) ---> passive participle darnen (stopped, halted) Again, when another vowel comes to follow them, final -nt, -nc, -mp, -nd, -m become -nn-, -ng-, -mm-, -nn-, -mm-, respectively: ped- (speak)--- > 3 pers. sg. pa.t. pent "he, she, it ''(spoke)--- > passive participle pennen (spoken) They will do their plural by -in, causing the normal umlauts: a and o both become e: dangen (slain)--- > pl. Dengin The gerund, the verbal noun, that may also be used to translate English infinitives (see above). The gerunds of basic verbs are easily formed with the ending -ed: cab- (jump) ---> cabed (jumping) as noun, = (a jump, a leap")
Exercices The active participle ped- (speak) --- > _________________ The perfective active participle fir- (fade, die) ----- > _______________ The passive participle sol- (close) --- >(plurial) __________________ The gerund cen- (see, look) ----> ________________
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